Methods for strengthening stress concentration areas in tube sheets

Strengthening the stress concentration areas of tube sheets hinges on a three-pronged approach: design optimization, material reinforcement, and process improvement. In terms of design, sharp transitions should be avoided, and large fillets or elliptical holes should be used. For materials, high-toughness alloys can be selected and surface strengthening techniques (such as shot peening) can be applied. In terms of manufacturing processes, welding defects should be minimized, and prestressing techniques can be used to improve stress distribution. These methods can effectively improve the fatigue life and reliability of tube sheets.